This problem of induction means that to draw any causal inferences from past experience, it is necessary to presuppose that the future will resemble the past, a metaphysical presupposition which cannot itself be grounded in prior experience. We never actually perceive that one event causes another but only experience the ' constant conjunction' of events. Hume argued that inductive reasoning and belief in causality cannot be justified rationally instead, they result from custom and mental habit. This places him with Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and George Berkeley as an empiricist. Hume followed John Locke in rejecting the existence of innate ideas, concluding that all human knowledge derives solely from experience.

Beginning with A Treatise of Human Nature (1739–40), Hume strove to create a naturalistic science of man that examined the psychological basis of human nature. David Hume ( / h juː m/ born David Home 7 May NS 1711 – 25 August 1776) was a Scottish Enlightenment philosopher, historian, economist, librarian, and essayist, who is best known today for his highly influential system of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.

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